Top developers are shifting from chatbots to physical AI. Here’s why

Computer scientist Louis Castricato was in his eighth year studying large language models — the artificial intelligence technology behind chatbots like ChatGPT and Claude — when he started to feel like he was hitting a dead end. “We basically have passed the point of doing real fundamental LLM research,” Castricato said. “Now it’s just applications.” The researcher quit his doctoral studies at Brown University and started a new company, called Overworld.