Chip Scaling Moves Beyond The Transistor

Key Takeaways: The semiconductor industry reached $1 trillion years early, but keeping pace with demand now depends on systems integration as much as transistor scaling. Packaging, photonics, power, and test are converging into one optimization problem, which means improving any one of them can move the bottleneck somewhere else. AI is shifting from the workload the industry serves to a tool it uses, and the open question is how much engineering and manufacturing authority it will be given. When