Designing Physical AI Systems Under Real-World Constraints

Physical AI extends artificial intelligence into systems that sense, interpret, and act in the physical world. Unlike centralized AI infrastructure, these systems operate within bounded latency, power, thermal, reliability, and environmental constraints. They must respond to changing inputs in real time, often under conditions where delayed or inconsistent behavior can affect equipment, processes, or human safety. While Physical AI often operates at the edge, it extends beyond edge AI by combini